Plant cells are surrounded by an intricately structured protective coat called the cell wall. It’s built of cellulose microfibrils intertwined with polysaccharides like hemicellulose or pectin. We ...

Mesophyll conductance, or the ease with which CO 2 can diffuse through a leaf’s cells before reaching the location where it undergoes carbon fixation, plays a key role in photosynthesis. CO 2 faces ...

Researchers at Umeå University in Sweden published a study “Breaking barriers: pCF10 type 4 secretion system relies on a self-regulating muramidase to modulate the cell wall” in mBIO that describes ...

Most of the carbon fixed by plants through photosynthesis is ultimately stored in the cell wall, primarily in the form of ...

Artistic rendering of cellulose regenerating on a plant protoplast cell surface with zoomed out view. Cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane-bound enzyme complexes (green) and assembles into a ...

Fungi are everywhere, and in many cases, a fungal infection can be eliminated by a person's immune system. But fungal infections can also send long hyphae into the body that are extremely difficult to ...

From plant stems to bacterial shells, cell walls are far more than rigid barriers—they’re living, adapting structures.

Plant cells do not easily abandon their mature identity. In apple, that transformation is especially important because somatic embryogenesis underpins regeneration and genetic improvement.

However, a new frontier in nanotechnology is beginning to crack this barrier, offering a novel approach to plant engineering that could redefine the field. In recent research, published in Advanced ...

A study provides new clues in the understanding of how antibiotic resistance spreads. The study shows how an enzyme breaks down the bacteria's protective outer layer, the cell wall, and thus ...