Developed as a three-terminal shunt regulator, the popular and multiple-sourced TL431 IC offers designers many intriguing possibilities beyond its intended application. Internally, the TL431 comprises ...

In some power-supply applications, the pulse-width-modulator (PWM) controller is powered up from an auxiliary winding tapped off the power stages transformer (Fig. 1). This technique reduces power ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Did you know that your shunt regulator is in danger? Don’t worry—the fix is free (and free is good). A feedback circuit ...