Geologists collect fresh lava by carefully approaching active lava flows, typically from a safe vantage point near the edge. They wear heat-resistant suits, gloves, helmets, and face shields to protect against the intense heat—lava can exceed 1,000°C (1,800°F). Using long-handled metal tools like steel scoops or tongs, they reach into the flow and grab a small amount of molten rock. As soon as the sample is collected, it’s quickly quenched in a bucket of water. This rapid cooling prevents the fo